- Hereditary peers
- Nominated life peers
-
Peers nominated for donating to parties
- Lord Marks of Hale donated £119,500 to the Tories and was nominated by Rishi Sunak
- Lord Alli donated ~£700k to Labour
Crossbench peers
- 180 crossbench peers (~22%)
- Non-partisan
- Very good at scrutiny in the committee stage
Successful reform
-
Parliament Acts (1911, 1949)
- 1911: removed absolute veto, delay for 2 years
- 1949: delay for 1 year
-
Life Peerages Act 1958
- Allowed creation of Life Peers
-
Peerages Act 1963
- Women allowed in
- Peers can resign
-
House of Lords Act 1999
- Removed all but 92 hereditary peers
-
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
- Removed Law Lords, created UK Supreme Court
Unsuccessful reform
Blair (Lab)
-
Wakeman Report 2000
- Proposed that majority of peers are appointed
- 20% recommended by independent appointments body
- 12%-35% elected under PR
- Remaining hereditary peers to be removed
-
Whitepaper 2001
- Proposal to elect 20% of peers
-
Feb 2003: free vote in Parliament on 7 options to reform HoL
- MPs did not agree on consensus
- Lords voted for a fully appointed house
-
Whitepaper 2003
- Proposalfor wholly appointed house
- Heavily criticised