3.1.1.2 The structure and role of Parliament

Legislative process

  • First reading: Bill title read in the House by relevant government minister
  • Second reading: Main depate on principles of bill take place.
    • Government defeats are rare, last time was Shops Bill 1986, 72 Con backbenchers rebelled against Thatcher’s three line whip
  • Committee stage: Sent to public bill committees for suggesting amendments and calling expert witnesses
  • Report stage: Amendments agreed in committee considered by the House
    • Further amendments can be put to vote
  • Third reading: Final debate on the amended bill, no changes can be made
  • Sent to the other house to go through same process
  • Royal assent

Role of parliament

Committees

  • Backbench Business Committee
    • Allows backbenchers to decide for themselves the topic of debate for one day a week
    • Put in by Cameron’s coalition government
  • Public Bill Committees
    • Scrutinise legislation
    • Only last for the lifetime of a bill
    • Government always has a majority
    • Can take evidence from public and pressure groups
  • Lords Committees
  • Select Committees

Role of the opposition

Role of Parliament and the Execcutive