Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011

  • Implemented by the 2010 Coalition Government
  • Removed the traditional right of royal prerogative for PM to call early general elections
    • e.g. Thatcher in 1983 called an early election during the Falklands War
  • Required 2/3 majority to call early election
    • Or when government loses vote of no confidence
  • Both Labour and Tory manifestos promised to repeal the act
  • Repealed by Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 (passed under BoJo)
    • Restored pre-2011 royal prerogative
    • Removed judicial review from exercise of these powers (after Miller II (2019))
    • Automatic dissolution after five years

Attempted circumvention (2019)

  • Tories want to push Brexit through but wanted a greater majority
  • Labour was under Jeremy Corbyn so was vastly unpopular
  • BoJo tried to call early elections in 2019 but did not get two-thirds majority