Comparing two-party system

Similarities

  • Both parties cover wide range of views, internal coalitions
    • hard-left, Momentum (Labour Party, Corbyn)
    • one-nation Tories
    • MAGA Republicans
  • Each of the main parties in the US and UK can be labelled as conservative or liberal/broadly progressive
  • Trump and Sanders were outsiders but wrapped themselves in their respective parties’ banner
    • In the UK they would have started their own party
  • Both parties exhibit internal party rebellions and revolts
  • Both strongly in favour of retaining current electoral system as it greatly aids their dominance in respective legislatures
    • FPTP over-rewards them at the expense of third parties and independents

Differences

  • Internal divisions vary considerably between countries
    • Main Con division in 2019 was Leave/Remain
    • Main R divisions over foreign policy and trade
  • Con more socially progressive than R on issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage
  • Dem is more moderate and centrist than Lab under Corbyn
  • UK parties been ideologically based and distinct for longer than the US
  • Party unity remains lower in the US compared to UK
    • Less party discipline, no whipping
  • Dominance of central/national much weaker in the US
    • Reflects size and diversity of the US
  • Lab and Con compete under alternative electoral systems in devolved assemblies
    • Nationalist parties are much more dominant, main parties less so
    • e.g. 2026 Senedd: Plaid Cymru 43, Reform 34, Lab 9, Con 7 seats
    • 2026 Scottish Parliament: SNP 58, Lab 17, Reform 17, Green 15, Con 12 seats